🌸 Chapter 2
Human Reproduction
(MCQs)
1.
Which
of the following is not a part of the male reproductive system?
A. Testis
B. Vas deferens
C. Fallopian tube
D. Epididymis
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: Fallopian tube belongs to the female reproductive system.
2.
Testes
are located outside the abdominal cavity in the:
A. Scrotum
B. Penis
C. Urethra
D. Prostate gland
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: The scrotum maintains temperature 2–2.5°C below body
temperature for sperm formation.
3.
Functional
unit of testis:
A. Seminiferous tubule
B. Epididymis
C. Vas deferens
D. Prostate gland
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Seminiferous tubules are the site of sperm production.
4.
Sertoli
cells are found in:
A. Vas deferens
B. Seminiferous tubules
C. Prostate
D. Urethra
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Sertoli cells provide nourishment to developing sperms.
5.
Leydig
cells secrete:
A. Progesterone
B. Testosterone
C. Estrogen
D. LH
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Leydig or interstitial cells secrete testosterone.
6.
Spermatogenesis
occurs in:
A. Epididymis
B. Seminiferous tubules
C. Vas deferens
D. Urethra
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Spermatogenesis occurs in seminiferous tubules.
7.
Sperm
maturation occurs in:
A. Vas deferens
B. Epididymis
C. Seminal vesicle
D. Urethra
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Epididymis stores and matures sperm.
8.
Which
gland secretes fructose-rich fluid?
A. Seminal vesicle
B. Prostate
C. Bulbourethral gland
D. Cowper’s gland
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Seminal vesicle secretes fructose for sperm energy.
9.
The
prostate gland secretion helps in:
A. Neutralizing vaginal acidity
B. Activating sperm
C. Enhancing motility
D. All of these
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Prostatic fluid neutralizes acidity and improves motility.
10.
The
total number of chromosomes in human sperm:
A. 23
B. 46
C. 44
D. 22
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Human sperm are haploid (n = 23).
11.
Which
part of sperm contains enzymes for fertilization?
A. Acrosome
B. Tail
C. Middle piece
D. Nucleus
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Acrosome has enzymes like hyaluronidase for egg
penetration.
12.
Mitochondria
are present in which part of sperm?
A. Head
B. Middle piece
C. Tail
D. Acrosome
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Mitochondria in the middle piece supply energy for
motility.
13.
Hormone
responsible for initiation of spermatogenesis:
A. LH
B. FSH
C. Testosterone
D. Both B and C
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: FSH stimulates Sertoli cells and testosterone aids sperm
production.
14.
Semen
is a mixture of:
A. Sperms and seminal plasma
B. Sperms only
C. Secretions of glands only
D. None
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Semen = sperm + secretions from accessory glands.
15.
Vasectomy
is a surgical method of birth control in which:
A. Vas deferens are cut
B. Fallopian tubes are tied
C. Penis is removed
D. None
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Vasectomy blocks sperm transport in males.
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
16.
The
female gonads are:
A. Testes
B. Ovaries
C. Uterus
D. Vagina
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Ovaries produce ova and female hormones.
17.
Site
of fertilization in human female:
A. Ampullary-isthmic junction
B. Uterus
C. Vagina
D. Cervix
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Fertilization occurs in the ampullary region of fallopian
tube.
18.
Finger-like
projections at the end of fallopian tube are:
A. Fimbriae
B. Cilia
C. Villi
D. Follicles
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Fimbriae collect ovum after ovulation.
19.
The
uterus is also called:
A. Womb
B. Birth canal
C. Ovary
D. Cervix
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Embryo develops in the uterus (womb).
20.
The
innermost lining of uterus is:
A. Endometrium
B. Myometrium
C. Perimetrium
D. Epimetrium
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Endometrium thickens and sheds during menstruation.
21.
The
female copulatory organ is:
A. Vagina
B. Cervix
C. Uterus
D. Ovary
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Vagina receives the penis during copulation.
22.
The
part of ovary from which ovum is released:
A. Germinal epithelium
B. Graafian follicle
C. Corpus luteum
D. Follicular fluid
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Mature ovum is released from Graafian follicle.
23.
The
hormone responsible for ovulation:
A. FSH
B. LH
C. Estrogen
D. Progesterone
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: LH surge triggers ovulation.
24.
Corpus
luteum secretes:
A. Estrogen
B. Progesterone
C. LH
D. FSH
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Progesterone maintains endometrium for implantation.
25.
After
fertilization, the corpus luteum remains active under the influence of:
A. FSH
B. hCG
C. LH
D. Oxytocin
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) maintains corpus luteum
during pregnancy.
26.
The
term ‘menarche’ refers to:
A. First ovulation
B. First menstruation
C. Last menstruation
D. Pregnancy
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Menarche marks the onset of menstrual cycle at puberty.
27.
‘Menopause’
refers to:
A. Onset of puberty
B. Permanent cessation of menstruation
C. Temporary pause
D. None
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Menopause marks the end of reproductive phase.
28.
Average
duration of menstrual cycle:
A. 10 days
B. 14 days
C. 28 days
D. 35 days
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: A typical menstrual cycle lasts 28 days.
29.
The
ovulation usually occurs on:
A. 1st day
B. 14th day
C. 28th day
D. 7th day
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Ovulation generally occurs mid-cycle (around day 14).
30.
Which
phase follows ovulation in menstrual cycle?
A. Follicular phase
B. Luteal phase
C. Menstrual phase
D. Proliferative phase
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Luteal phase is post-ovulatory and dominated by
progesterone.
SPERMATOGENESIS & OOGENESIS
31.
Spermatogonia
are:
A. Diploid
B. Haploid
C. Triploid
D. Polyploid
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Spermatogonia (2n) undergo meiosis to form haploid sperms.
32.
Primary
spermatocyte divides to form:
A. Spermatid
B. Secondary spermatocyte
C. Spermatozoa
D. Spermatogonium
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Primary spermatocyte (2n) → two secondary spermatocytes
(n).
33.
Spermiogenesis
is:
A. Formation of spermatid
B. Maturation of spermatid to sperm
C. Release of sperm
D. None
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Spermiogenesis is the final transformation of spermatids
into spermatozoa.
34.
Oogenesis
starts:
A. At birth
B. Before birth
C. After puberty
D. After fertilization
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Oogenesis begins before birth, with primary oocytes formed
in the fetal ovary.
35.
At
the time of birth, each ovum is arrested at:
A. Metaphase I
B. Prophase I
C. Metaphase II
D. Anaphase I
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Primary oocytes remain suspended in prophase I until
puberty.
36.
Ovulation
releases:
A. Primary oocyte
B. Secondary oocyte
C. Oogonium
D. Ovum
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Secondary oocyte is released during ovulation and completes
meiosis II only after fertilization.
FERTILIZATION & EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT
37.
Site
of fertilization in humans:
A. Ampulla of oviduct
B. Uterus
C. Cervix
D. Vagina
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Fertilization occurs in the ampullary-isthmic junction.
38.
The
acrosome reaction facilitates:
A. Sperm motility
B. Egg penetration
C. Egg activation
D. Cleavage
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Acrosomal enzymes digest zona pellucida for sperm entry.
39.
The
fertilized egg is called:
A. Embryo
B. Zygote
C. Morula
D. Blastula
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Fertilized ovum is the zygote (diploid).
40.
Cleavage
is a process of:
A. Growth
B. Cell division without growth
C. Fertilization
D. Meiosis
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Cleavage rapidly divides the zygote without increasing
size.
41.
Morula
represents:
A. 8–16 cell stage
B. 32–64 cell stage
C. Blastocyst
D. Embryo
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Morula is an early solid mass of 8–16 cells.
42.
Implantation
occurs in:
A. Uterus
B. Fallopian tube
C. Ovary
D. Cervix
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Blastocyst embeds in endometrium of uterus.
43.
Inner
cell mass forms:
A. Embryo
B. Placenta
C. Chorion
D. Amnion
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Inner cell mass develops into embryo; trophoblast forms
placenta.
44.
The
placenta is formed from:
A. Embryonic and maternal tissues
B. Only embryonic tissue
C. Only maternal tissue
D. None
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Placenta has both fetal (chorion) and maternal
(endometrium) components.
45.
Placenta
acts as:
A. Endocrine gland
B. Transport organ
C. Respiratory organ
D. All of these
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Placenta exchanges gases, nutrients, and secretes hormones.
46.
Which
hormone is detected in pregnancy test?
A. LH
B. FSH
C. hCG
D. Estrogen
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: hCG in urine is the basis for pregnancy tests.
47.
Human
gestation period is approximately:
A. 180 days
B. 240 days
C. 280 days
D. 300 days
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: Human gestation lasts around 280 days (~9 months).
48.
Parturition
means:
A. Fertilization
B. Birth of baby
C. Lactation
D. Implantation
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Parturition = process of childbirth.
49.
Which
hormone stimulates uterine contraction during parturition?
A. Progesterone
B. Oxytocin
C. Relaxin
D. LH
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Oxytocin causes strong contractions during labor.
50.
Which
hormone softens the cervix during childbirth?
A. Relaxin
B. Estrogen
C. Progesterone
D. hCG
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Relaxin relaxes pelvic ligaments and cervix.
LACTATION & MATERNAL CARE
51.
Mammary
glands are modified:
A. Sweat glands
B. Sebaceous glands
C. Endocrine glands
D. None
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Mammary glands evolved from sweat glands.
52.
First
milk secreted after childbirth is:
A. Colostrum
B. Milk
C. Serum
D. Plasma
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Colostrum is rich in antibodies (IgA) for newborn immunity.
53.
Hormone
responsible for milk secretion:
A. Oxytocin
B. Prolactin
C. Estrogen
D. Progesterone
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Prolactin stimulates milk production.
54.
Hormone
for milk ejection (let-down reflex):
A. Oxytocin
B. FSH
C. LH
D. Estrogen
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Oxytocin helps milk flow from mammary glands.
55.
Importance
of breastfeeding:
A. Provides immunity
B. Provides nutrition
C. Strengthens bonding
D. All of these
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Breast milk gives nutrition, immunity, and emotional
bonding.
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH & CONTRACEPTION
56.
Natural
method of birth control:
A. Condom
B. Coitus interruptus
C. Oral pills
D. Copper-T
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Withdrawal method is natural but unreliable.
57.
Barrier
method example:
A. Condom
B. Oral pill
C. Vasectomy
D. Tubectomy
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Condoms prevent sperm entry into female tract.
58.
Copper-T
acts by:
A. Increasing sperm motility
B. Releasing copper ions toxic to sperms
C. Stimulating ovulation
D. None
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Copper ions suppress sperm motility and fertilization.
59.
Surgical
method in females:
A. Vasectomy
B. Tubectomy
C. Condom
D. Coitus interruptus
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Tubectomy blocks fallopian tubes.
60.
Oral
contraceptives mainly contain:
A. Estrogen and progesterone
B. FSH and LH
C. Testosterone
D. hCG
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: These inhibit ovulation by feedback control.
61.
Medical
termination of pregnancy (MTP) is safest up to:
A. 12 weeks
B. 20 weeks
C. 30 weeks
D. 10 weeks
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Legal and safe up to 20 weeks.
62.
STD
caused by bacteria:
A. Syphilis
B. Genital herpes
C. AIDS
D. Hepatitis B
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Syphilis is caused by Treponema pallidum.
63.
Virus
causing AIDS:
A. HIV
B. HPV
C. HBV
D. HSV
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: HIV attacks immune system (T-helper cells).
64.
Common
symptom of STDs:
A. Burning during urination
B. Discharge
C. Sores
D. All of these
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: STDs show such symptoms.
65.
Permanent
method of contraception in males:
A. Vasectomy
B. Condom
C. Coitus interruptus
D. IUD
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Vasectomy cuts vas deferens.
FETAL DEVELOPMENT
66.
Human
embryo reaches uterus after:
A. 1 day
B. 2 days
C. 3–4 days
D. 7 days
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: Zygote travels for 3–4 days before implantation.
67.
Human
chorionic gonadotropin is secreted by:
A. Placenta
B. Ovary
C. Pituitary
D. Uterus
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Placenta secretes hCG after implantation.
68.
Which
layer of embryo forms skin and nervous system?
A. Ectoderm
B. Endoderm
C. Mesoderm
D. None
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Ectoderm forms skin, brain, spinal cord.
69.
Heart
of human embryo starts beating at:
A. 1 week
B. 2 weeks
C. 3 weeks
D. 5 weeks
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: Cardiac activity starts by 3rd week.
70.
Which
structure connects embryo to placenta?
A. Umbilical cord
B. Fallopian tube
C. Cervix
D. Amnion
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Umbilical cord transports nutrients and gases.
71. Which hormone is secreted by the
corpus luteum?
A. Estrogen
B. Progesterone
C. LH
D. FSH
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: The corpus luteum secretes progesterone, which maintains
the endometrium for implantation and pregnancy.
72. The function of FSH in females
is:
A. Ovulation
B. Follicle development
C. Maintenance of endometrium
D. Secretion of progesterone
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) stimulates the
growth and maturation of ovarian follicles.
73. LH surge in females is
responsible for:
A. Follicle maturation
B. Ovulation
C. Corpus luteum degeneration
D. Estrogen secretion
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: A sudden rise (surge) in LH mid-cycle (around day
14) causes ovulation.
74. Which hormone maintains
pregnancy until the placenta forms?
A. Estrogen
B. FSH
C. Progesterone
D. Relaxin
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: Progesterone maintains the uterine lining
(endometrium) and prevents contractions during early pregnancy.
75. Human chorionic gonadotropin
(hCG) is secreted by:
A. Ovary
B. Placenta
C. Corpus luteum
D. Pituitary gland
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: hCG is secreted by the trophoblast cells of
the placenta and supports the corpus luteum during early pregnancy.
76. Which hormone ensures milk
ejection from mammary glands?
A. Estrogen
B. Oxytocin
C. Prolactin
D. Relaxin
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Oxytocin causes contraction of alveoli and ducts for
milk ejection during lactation.
77. Which hormone promotes milk
secretion after childbirth?
A. LH
B. FSH
C. Oxytocin
D. Prolactin
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Prolactin, secreted from the anterior pituitary,
stimulates milk production in mammary glands.
78. Relaxin hormone facilitates:
A. Lactation
B. Relaxation of pelvic ligaments
C. Ovulation
D. Fertilization
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Relaxin, secreted during late pregnancy, relaxes pelvic
ligaments and cervix to aid delivery.
79. Which of the following is NOT
secreted by placenta?
A. hCG
B. hPL (human placental lactogen)
C. Relaxin
D. LH
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: LH is secreted by the pituitary gland, not the
placenta.
80. The hormone responsible for
uterine contractions during labour is:
A. Oxytocin
B. Prolactin
C. Estrogen
D. Relaxin
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Oxytocin triggers strong uterine contractions during
childbirth.
81. Which hormone acts as a signal
for parturition?
A. hCG
B. Relaxin
C. Oxytocin
D. Estrogen
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: Rising oxytocin levels initiate and intensify labour
contractions.
82. Which hormone level falls
drastically if pregnancy does not occur?
A. Estrogen and progesterone
B. LH and FSH
C. Oxytocin and relaxin
D. hCG and progesterone
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: When fertilization doesn’t occur, progesterone and
estrogen levels drop, leading to menstruation.
83. The primary cause of
menstruation is:
A. Ovulation
B. Breakdown of endometrium
C. Fertilization
D. Formation of corpus luteum
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Due to lack of progesterone, the endometrium breaks down,
causing menstrual bleeding.
84. Ovulation in a normal human
female occurs around:
A. 7th day
B. 14th day
C. 21st day
D. 28th day
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Ovulation generally occurs on the 14th day of a 28-day
menstrual cycle.
85. The pregnancy hormone detected
in urine test kits is:
A. Estrogen
B. Progesterone
C. hCG
D. Oxytocin
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) is detected in urine-based
pregnancy tests.
86. Parturition refers to:
A. Fertilization
B. Embryo implantation
C. Delivery of baby
D. Formation of zygote
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: Parturition is the process of childbirth.
87. Lactation refers to:
A. Ovulation
B. Milk production
C. Menstruation
D. Implantation
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Lactation is the production and secretion of milk
from mammary glands after childbirth.
88. Which of the following is a
temporary endocrine gland?
A. Pituitary
B. Thyroid
C. Corpus luteum
D. Adrenal
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: Corpus luteum functions temporarily after ovulation,
secreting progesterone.
89. Which structure is derived from
the trophoblast of blastocyst?
A. Embryo
B. Placenta
C. Yolk sac
D. Amnion
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Trophoblast cells of blastocyst form the placenta.
90. The first milk secreted after
childbirth is called:
A. Lactogen
B. Colostrum
C. Albumin
D. Prolactin
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Colostrum is rich in antibodies (IgA) and
provides passive immunity to the newborn.
91. Which of the following is a male
reproductive disorder?
A. Amenorrhea
B. Cryptorchidism
C. Dysmenorrhea
D. Endometriosis
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Cryptorchidism is the failure of testes to
descend into the scrotum.
92. Infertility in females may be
due to:
A. Blockage of fallopian tubes
B. Hormonal imbalance
C. Uterine disorders
D. All of the above
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Female infertility can be due to multiple reasons including
tubal blockage, hormonal issues, or uterine defects.
93. Vasectomy involves cutting of:
A. Vas deferens
B. Urethra
C. Epididymis
D. Seminal vesicle
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Vasectomy is male sterilization involving cutting
and sealing of vas deferens to prevent sperm transport.
94. Tubectomy involves cutting of:
A. Fallopian tubes
B. Ovaries
C. Uterus
D. Cervix
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Tubectomy (female sterilization) involves cutting of
fallopian tubes to prevent fertilization.
95. Which of the following is a
temporary contraceptive method?
A. Vasectomy
B. Tubectomy
C. Oral pills
D. Copper-T
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: Oral pills are reversible and hence temporary.
96. Oral contraceptive pills prevent
pregnancy by:
A. Destroying sperm
B. Preventing implantation
C. Inhibiting ovulation
D. Blocking oviducts
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: Pills suppress LH and FSH, preventing ovulation.
97. Copper-T prevents pregnancy by:
A. Killing sperm
B. Preventing fertilization and implantation
C. Blocking fallopian tubes
D. Destroying ovum
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Copper ions released by the device affect sperm
motility and prevent fertilization and implantation.
98. Which of the following diseases
is NOT sexually transmitted?
A. AIDS
B. Syphilis
C. Hepatitis B
D. Tuberculosis
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Tuberculosis is airborne, not sexually transmitted.
99. The first case of AIDS was
reported in:
A. 1950
B. 1965
C. 1981
D. 1990
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) was first
reported in 1981 in the USA.
100. The causative agent of AIDS is:
A. HBV
B. HIV
C. HCV
D. HSV
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) attacks the helper
T-lymphocytes, weakening the immune system.
