🌸Chapter 13
Biodiversity and Conservation
(MCQs)
Biodiversity and Conservation – 100
MCQs
1–10: Introduction & Basic Concepts
1.
Biodiversity
refers to:
a) Only the variety of species in an ecosystem
b) Variety of all life forms including genes, species, and ecosystems
c) Only the genetic variation within species
d) Only plants in an ecosystem
Answer: b
Explanation: Biodiversity includes genetic diversity, species diversity,
and ecosystem diversity.
2.
Who
defined biodiversity as “the totality of genes, species, and ecosystems of a
region”?
a) E.O. Wilson
b) Charles Darwin
c) Linnaeus
d) Alfred Wallace
Answer: a
Explanation: E.O. Wilson emphasized biodiversity at all levels, not just
species.
3.
Which
of the following is NOT a component of biodiversity?
a) Genetic diversity
b) Cultural diversity
c) Species diversity
d) Ecosystem diversity
Answer: b
Explanation: Cultural diversity is human-related, biodiversity relates
to genes, species, and ecosystems.
4.
Species
diversity includes:
a) Variation within genes
b) Number of species and their relative abundance
c) Diversity of ecosystems
d) Variation within population
Answer: b
Explanation: Species diversity = species richness + species evenness.
5.
Genetic
diversity helps in:
a) Maintaining ecosystem services
b) Adaptation and evolution of species
c) Forming new ecosystems
d) Reducing species richness
Answer: b
Explanation: Genetic variation allows species to adapt to environmental
changes.
6.
The
variety of ecosystems in a region is known as:
a) Species diversity
b) Genetic diversity
c) Ecosystem diversity
d) Community diversity
Answer: c
Explanation: Ecosystem diversity refers to different habitats like
forests, deserts, wetlands.
7.
Simpson’s
Index is used to measure:
a) Genetic diversity
b) Ecosystem diversity
c) Species diversity
d) Population size
Answer: c
Explanation: Simpson’s index considers species richness and abundance.
8.
Higher
Simpson’s index (D) value indicates:
a) Low diversity
b) High diversity
c) High dominance
d) Low richness
Answer: b
Explanation: D ranges 0–1; higher D → higher diversity.
9.
Which
level of biodiversity is crucial for crop improvement?
a) Genetic diversity
b) Species diversity
c) Ecosystem diversity
d) Global diversity
Answer: a
Explanation: Genetic variation provides traits for breeding better
crops.
10.
Biodiversity
at a local level may include:
a) Himalayan forests
b) Village pond ecosystem
c) Sundarbans mangrove
d) Amazon rainforest
Answer: b
Explanation: Local biodiversity = small-scale habitats like ponds, home
gardens.
11–20: Global and Indian
Biodiversity
11.
A
biodiversity hotspot must have at least ______ endemic species.
a) 500
b) 1000
c) 1500
d) 2000
Answer: c
Explanation: Hotspots criteria include ≥1500 endemic plant species.
12.
Which
of the following is a global biodiversity hotspot located in India?
a) Amazon
b) Western Ghats
c) Great Barrier Reef
d) Congo Basin
Answer: b
Explanation: India has 4 major hotspots, including Western Ghats.
13.
Which
of the following is NOT a biodiversity hotspot in India?
a) Himalaya
b) Indo-Burma
c) Sundalands
d) Sahara Desert
Answer: d
Explanation: Sahara is in Africa, not India.
14.
Which
Indian hotspot includes the Nicobar Islands?
a) Indo-Burma
b) Himalaya
c) Sundalands
d) Indo-Malayan
Answer: c
Explanation: Sundalands cover Nicobar Islands.
15.
India
is rich in biodiversity because of:
a) Varied climate and topography
b) High pollution
c) Large human population
d) Extensive deserts only
Answer: a
Explanation: Varied ecosystems support high biodiversity.
16.
Endemic
species are:
a) Found all over the world
b) Restricted to a specific region
c) Extinct species
d) Alien species
Answer: b
Explanation: Example: Lion-tailed macaque (Western Ghats).
17.
Species
richness refers to:
a) Total number of individuals
b) Total number of species
c) Evenness of species distribution
d) Number of habitats
Answer: b
Explanation: Richness = number of species.
18.
Species
evenness indicates:
a) Number of species
b) Dominance of one species
c) Relative abundance of species
d) Genetic variation
Answer: c
Explanation: High evenness = uniform distribution of species.
19.
Which
ecosystem is richest in biodiversity?
a) Desert
b) Tropical rainforest
c) Tundra
d) Temperate grassland
Answer: b
Explanation: Tropical rainforests have highest species diversity.
20.
Which
of the following contributes to national biodiversity?
a) Western Ghats
b) Amazon rainforest
c) Sahara desert
d) Congo Basin
Answer: a
Explanation: Western Ghats, Himalaya, etc., contribute to India’s
biodiversity.
21–40: Importance of Biodiversity
21.
Which
of the following is an ecological importance of biodiversity?
a) Provides timber
b) Maintains food chains
c) Generates income
d) Provides medicine
Answer: b
Explanation: Ecosystem stability depends on biodiversity.
22.
Which
is an economic importance of biodiversity?
a) Pollination
b) Climate regulation
c) Medicinal plants
d) Nutrient cycling
Answer: c
Explanation: Biodiversity provides resources for medicine, timber, and
industry.
23.
Taxol
is obtained from:
a) Neem
b) Yew tree
c) Aloe vera
d) Eucalyptus
Answer: b
Explanation: Taxol is used in cancer treatment.
24.
Artemisinin,
an antimalarial drug, is obtained from:
a) Cinchona
b) Artemisia annua
c) Tulsi
d) Aloe vera
Answer: b
Explanation: Artemisia annua produces Artemisinin.
25.
Sacred
groves are important because:
a) They prevent pollution
b) They preserve local biodiversity
c) They increase tourism only
d) They increase urbanization
Answer: b
Explanation: Sacred groves conserve endemic species.
26.
Which
of the following is a social importance of biodiversity?
a) Pollination
b) Medicinal use
c) Ecotourism and recreation
d) Photosynthesis
Answer: c
Explanation: Biodiversity enhances cultural and recreational values.
27.
Which
process contributes to scientific importance of biodiversity?
a) Industrialization
b) Bioprospecting
c) Deforestation
d) Urbanization
Answer: b
Explanation: Bioprospecting studies natural resources for new products.
28.
Which
ecosystem service is provided by biodiversity?
a) Food production
b) Climate regulation
c) Nutrient cycling
d) All of the above
Answer: d
Explanation: Biodiversity sustains multiple ecosystem services.
29.
Which
crop variety improvement relies on biodiversity?
a) Wheat
b) Rice
c) Both a and b
d) None
Answer: c
Explanation: Genetic variation in crops helps develop better varieties.
30.
High
biodiversity in an ecosystem indicates:
a) Ecosystem instability
b) Ecosystem health and stability
c) High pollution
d) Low productivity
Answer: b
Explanation: Diverse species maintain ecological balance.
41–60: Threats to Biodiversity
41.
Which
is the primary cause of habitat loss?
a) Deforestation
b) Hunting
c) Pollution
d) Seed banks
Answer: a
Explanation: Habitat destruction is mainly caused by deforestation and
urbanization.
42.
Water
hyacinth is an example of:
a) Endemic species
b) Invasive species
c) Threatened species
d) Keystone species
Answer: b
Explanation: Alien species that disrupt ecosystems are invasive.
43.
Which
of the following is an effect of pollution on biodiversity?
a) Habitat creation
b) Extinction of species
c) Genetic diversity increase
d) Ecosystem stability
Answer: b
Explanation: Pollutants like pesticides kill species and reduce
biodiversity.
44.
Overexploitation
refers to:
a) Sustainable hunting
b) Excessive hunting or harvesting
c) Habitat protection
d) Ecosystem management
Answer: b
Explanation: Overuse leads to depletion of species.
45.
Global
warming affects biodiversity because:
a) It increases sunlight
b) Changes temperature and rainfall
c) Reduces soil fertility
d) Encourages biodiversity
Answer: b
Explanation: Climate change alters habitats and affects species
survival.
46.
Which
of the following is NOT a threat to biodiversity?
a) Climate change
b) Invasive species
c) National parks
d) Habitat fragmentation
Answer: c
Explanation: National parks protect biodiversity.
47.
Fragmentation
of forests leads to:
a) Increased species richness
b) Isolation of populations
c) More endemic species
d) None
Answer: b
Explanation: Fragmentation isolates populations, affecting gene flow.
48.
Which
of the following human activities leads to biodiversity loss?
a) Urbanization
b) Industrialization
c) Agriculture expansion
d) All of the above
Answer: d
Explanation: All activities disrupt natural habitats.
49.
Invasive
species are harmful because they:
a) Increase ecosystem stability
b) Compete with native species
c) Increase genetic diversity of natives
d) Reduce pollution
Answer: b
Explanation: Invasive species outcompete natives for resources.
50.
Overfishing
can lead to:
a) Habitat loss
b) Reduction of aquatic biodiversity
c) Global warming
d) Deforestation
Answer: b
Explanation: Overfishing reduces fish populations and aquatic
biodiversity.
51.
In-situ
conservation means:
a) Protecting species outside their natural habitat
b) Protecting species within their natural habitat
c) Cultivating species in labs
d) Storing seeds in seed banks
Answer: b
Explanation: In-situ conservation focuses on protecting plants and
animals in their natural habitats.
52.
Which
of the following is an example of a National Park in India?
a) Jim Corbett
b) Lalbagh
c) Delhi Zoo
d) Svalbard Seed Vault
Answer: a
Explanation: National Parks protect species and ecosystems; Jim Corbett
is India’s first National Park.
53.
Which
of the following is an example of a wildlife sanctuary?
a) Periyar
b) Sunderbans
c) Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve
d) Lalbagh Botanical Garden
Answer: a
Explanation: Wildlife sanctuaries focus on protecting particular species
and their habitats.
54.
Which
of the following is a biosphere reserve in India?
a) Nilgiri
b) Jim Corbett
c) Bharatpur
d) Lalbagh
Answer: a
Explanation: Biosphere reserves combine conservation with sustainable
use of resources.
55.
Sacred
groves contribute to conservation because they:
a) Promote tourism only
b) Are areas of undisturbed native vegetation
c) Store seeds
d) Are urban parks
Answer: b
Explanation: Sacred groves protect endemic species due to
cultural/religious practices.
56.
Project
Tiger was launched in India in:
a) 1970
b) 1973
c) 1980
d) 1992
Answer: b
Explanation: Project Tiger focuses on tiger population conservation in
India.
57.
The
main aim of Project Elephant is to:
a) Conserve tiger population
b) Protect wild elephants
c) Establish biosphere reserves
d) Promote seed banks
Answer: b
Explanation: Project Elephant conserves elephant habitats and prevents
human–elephant conflict.
58.
Which
of the following is a key feature of a biosphere reserve?
a) Only tourism
b) Core, buffer, and transition zones
c) Urban development
d) Seed storage
Answer: b
Explanation: Biosphere reserves include core (strict protection), buffer
(limited activity), and transition (sustainable use) zones.
59.
Which
of the following is NOT an in-situ conservation method?
a) National Park
b) Wildlife Sanctuary
c) Botanical Garden
d) Biosphere Reserve
Answer: c
Explanation: Botanical gardens are ex-situ conservation.
60.
In-situ
conservation is preferred because:
a) It is cheaper
b) Species can survive in natural habitat
c) Seed banks are not needed
d) Captive breeding is easier
Answer: b
Explanation: In-situ allows species to evolve naturally and maintain
ecological interactions.
61–70: Ex-Situ Conservation
61.
Ex-situ
conservation means:
a) Conservation in natural habitats
b) Conservation outside natural habitats
c) Planting sacred groves
d) Protecting only endangered species
Answer: b
Explanation: Ex-situ protects species in artificial environments like
labs, zoos, and seed banks.
62.
Which
of the following is an ex-situ conservation method?
a) Jim Corbett National Park
b) Lalbagh Botanical Garden
c) Sundarbans Sanctuary
d) Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve
Answer: b
Explanation: Botanical gardens maintain plants outside their natural
habitat.
63.
Seed
banks are used to:
a) Protect animals
b) Store genetic material of plants
c) Promote tourism
d) Increase deforestation
Answer: b
Explanation: Seed banks preserve genetic diversity for future use.
64.
Which
of the following is a famous seed bank in India?
a) NBPGR, New Delhi
b) Jim Corbett
c) Periyar
d) Sunderbans
Answer: a
Explanation: National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources stores seeds of
important crops.
65.
Which
of the following is a global seed vault?
a) Lalbagh
b) Svalbard Seed Vault
c) Jim Corbett
d) Bharatpur
Answer: b
Explanation: Svalbard (Norway) stores seeds from around the world as a
genetic backup.
66.
Zoos
contribute to conservation by:
a) Protecting species in their natural habitats
b) Captive breeding and public awareness
c) Storing seeds
d) Promoting hunting
Answer: b
Explanation: Zoos maintain endangered species and educate the public.
67.
Tissue
culture is used in ex-situ conservation to:
a) Conserve animals
b) Multiply rare plants
c) Protect forests
d) Increase species richness
Answer: b
Explanation: Tissue culture produces multiple plants from a single
specimen in labs.
68.
Ex-situ
conservation is useful when:
a) Habitat is stable
b) Species are critically endangered or extinct in the wild
c) Species are abundant
d) National Parks are present
Answer: b
Explanation: Ex-situ safeguards species facing immediate extinction.
69.
Which
is an advantage of ex-situ conservation?
a) Allows natural evolution
b) Protects species immediately
c) Maintains ecological balance
d) Reduces ecosystem services
Answer: b
Explanation: Captive breeding, seed banks, and tissue culture prevent
extinction.
70.
Which
is a limitation of ex-situ conservation?
a) Habitat protection is ensured
b) Expensive and artificial environment
c) Conserves natural ecosystems
d) Maintains biodiversity balance
Answer: b
Explanation: Species may not adapt well outside natural habitats.
71–80: Endangered Species & Red
Data Book
71.
Which
is listed in India’s Red Data Book as critically endangered?
a) Asiatic Lion
b) House Sparrow
c) Crow
d) Domestic Cow
Answer: a
Explanation: Asiatic Lion is critically endangered, listed in Red Data
Book.
72.
One-horned
rhinoceros is found in:
a) Kaziranga
b) Jim Corbett
c) Sunderbans
d) Nilgiri
Answer: a
Explanation: One-horned rhinoceros is native to Kaziranga National Park.
73.
Which
of the following is an endangered species of India?
a) Tiger
b) House Sparrow
c) Crow
d) Dog
Answer: a
Explanation: Tigers are endangered due to habitat loss and poaching.
74.
Which
of the following is extinct in the wild?
a) Dodo
b) Asiatic Lion
c) Bengal Tiger
d) One-horned Rhinoceros
Answer: a
Explanation: Dodo is globally extinct.
75.
IUCN
stands for:
a) International Union for Conservation of Nature
b) Indian Union for Conservation of Nature
c) International Union for Climate Neutrality
d) Indian Union of National Conservation
Answer: a
Explanation: IUCN publishes Red List of threatened species.
76.
Red
Data Book lists:
a) All species of India
b) Endangered and threatened species
c) Only plants
d) Only animals
Answer: b
Explanation: Red Data Book provides conservation status.
77.
Which
species is a keystone species in India?
a) Tiger
b) Lion
c) Crocodile
d) House Sparrow
Answer: a
Explanation: Tigers maintain ecological balance by controlling herbivore
populations.
78.
Which
of the following is NOT a threatened species?
a) Bengal Tiger
b) Asiatic Lion
c) Domestic Cat
d) Indian Elephant
Answer: c
Explanation: Domestic cats are widespread and not threatened.
79.
Which
Indian tiger reserve is in Madhya Pradesh?
a) Bandhavgarh
b) Sundarbans
c) Periyar
d) Jim Corbett
Answer: a
Explanation: Bandhavgarh National Park is a tiger reserve.
80.
Which
is a freshwater ecosystem endangered species?
a) Ganges River Dolphin
b) Bengal Tiger
c) Indian Lion
d) Olive Ridley Turtle
Answer: a
Explanation: Ganges River Dolphin is endangered and lives in freshwater
rivers.
81–90: Conservation Programs &
Community Role
81.
Forest
Conservation Act was enacted in:
a) 1972
b) 1980
c) 1992
d) 2000
Answer: b
Explanation: It regulates deforestation and forest management.
82.
Which
of the following programs focuses on tiger conservation?
a) Project Tiger
b) Project Rhino
c) Project Elephant
d) Red Data Book
Answer: a
Explanation: Launched in 1973 to protect tiger populations.
83.
Which
project conserves Indian elephants?
a) Project Elephant
b) Project Tiger
c) Project Rhino
d) Red Data Book
Answer: a
Explanation: Project Elephant aims to conserve elephants and their
habitats.
84.
Community
involvement in biodiversity conservation includes:
a) Sacred groves protection
b) Eco-tourism
c) Sustainable agriculture
d) All of the above
Answer: d
Explanation: Local communities play an essential role in conservation.
85.
Biodiversity
conservation promotes:
a) Sustainable development
b) Urbanization
c) Mining
d) Deforestation
Answer: a
Explanation: Conservation ensures resources are available for future
generations.
86.
Which
of the following is an example of community-based conservation in India?
a) Sacred groves
b) National Parks
c) Zoos
d) Botanical Gardens
Answer: a
Explanation: Sacred groves are managed and protected by local
communities.
87.
Which
organization publishes the global Red List?
a) IUCN
b) WWF
c) UNEP
d) CITES
Answer: a
Explanation: IUCN Red List monitors endangered species globally.
88.
CITES
(Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) regulates:
a) Domestic species trade
b) International trade of endangered species
c) Forest management
d) Seed banks
Answer: b
Explanation: CITES ensures threatened species are not traded
internationally.
89.
Which
of the following promotes awareness about biodiversity?
a) Zoos and botanical gardens
b) Sacred groves
c) Seed banks
d) National Parks only
Answer: a
Explanation: Zoos and botanical gardens educate the public on
biodiversity.
90.
Why
is community participation important in biodiversity conservation?
a) Reduces human interference only
b) Encourages sustainable use and protection
c) Promotes hunting
d) Promotes deforestation
Answer: b
Explanation: Communities manage resources sustainably and help conserve
ecosystems.
1.
Biodiversity
refers to:
a) Only species diversity
b) Variety of all life forms including genes, species, and ecosystems
c) Only genetic variation
d) Only ecosystem diversity
Answer: b
Explanation: Biodiversity includes genetic, species, and ecosystem
diversity.
2.
Who
defined biodiversity as “the totality of genes, species, and ecosystems of a
region”?
a) E.O. Wilson
b) Charles Darwin
c) Linnaeus
d) Alfred Wallace
Answer: a
Explanation: E.O. Wilson emphasized biodiversity at all levels.
3.
Species
diversity includes:
a) Genetic variation only
b) Number of species and their relative abundance
c) Ecosystem variation
d) Habitat fragmentation
Answer: b
Explanation: Species diversity = species richness + species evenness.
4.
Genetic
diversity helps in:
a) Ecosystem stability
b) Adaptation and evolution of species
c) Habitat formation
d) Reducing species richness
Answer: b
Explanation: Genetic variation allows species to adapt to environmental
changes.
5.
Which
level of biodiversity is crucial for crop improvement?
a) Genetic diversity
b) Species diversity
c) Ecosystem diversity
d) Global diversity
Answer: a
Explanation: Genetic variation provides traits for breeding better
crops.
6.
Ecosystem
diversity refers to:
a) Variety of genes
b) Variety of species
c) Variety of habitats in a region
d) Number of endangered species
Answer: c
Explanation: Includes forests, grasslands, wetlands, deserts, etc.
7.
Species
richness refers to:
a) Total number of individuals
b) Total number of species
c) Relative abundance of species
d) Diversity of ecosystems
Answer: b
Explanation: Species richness = total species present in an ecosystem.
8.
Species
evenness refers to:
a) Number of species
b) Distribution of individuals among species
c) Genetic variation
d) Ecosystem diversity
Answer: b
Explanation: High evenness = uniform distribution of species.
9.
Simpson’s
Index measures:
a) Genetic diversity
b) Species diversity
c) Ecosystem stability
d) Population size
Answer: b
Explanation: It considers species richness and evenness.
10.
Higher
Simpson’s index indicates:
a) Low diversity
b) High diversity
c) High dominance
d) Low species richness
Answer: b
Explanation: D ranges from 0–1; higher D means higher biodiversity.
11–20: Global and Indian
Biodiversity
11.
Endemic
species are:
a) Found worldwide
b) Restricted to a region
c) Extinct species
d) Alien species
Answer: b
Explanation: Example: Lion-tailed macaque in Western Ghats.
12.
Biodiversity
hotspot criteria include:
a) ≥1500 endemic species
b) Threatened species present
c) Rich in species
d) All of the above
Answer: d
Explanation: Hotspots must meet all criteria.
13.
Which
is a biodiversity hotspot in India?
a) Amazon
b) Western Ghats
c) Sahara
d) Congo Basin
Answer: b
Explanation: India has 4 major biodiversity hotspots.
14.
Nicobar
Islands belong to which hotspot?
a) Indo-Burma
b) Himalaya
c) Sundalands
d) Indo-Malayan
Answer: c
Explanation: Sundalands cover Nicobar Islands.
15.
Which
ecosystem has the highest species diversity?
a) Desert
b) Tropical rainforest
c) Tundra
d) Temperate grassland
Answer: b
Explanation: Tropical rainforests are richest in biodiversity.
16.
Biodiversity
at a local level includes:
a) Himalayan forests
b) Village pond ecosystem
c) Sundarbans
d) Amazon rainforest
Answer: b
Explanation: Local biodiversity refers to small habitats like ponds or
home gardens.
17.
Species
richness + species evenness =
a) Genetic diversity
b) Ecosystem diversity
c) Species diversity
d) Habitat diversity
Answer: c
Explanation: Species diversity is measured by both richness and evenness.
18.
India’s
biodiversity richness is due to:
a) Large population
b) Varied climate and topography
c) Pollution
d) Deforestation
Answer: b
Explanation: Diverse climates and habitats support more species.
19.
Which
of the following is NOT a component of biodiversity?
a) Genetic diversity
b) Species diversity
c) Cultural diversity
d) Ecosystem diversity
Answer: c
Explanation: Cultural diversity is human-related, not a biodiversity
component.
20.
Which
of the following is a national biodiversity hotspot?
a) Western Ghats
b) Amazon
c) Sahara
d) Congo Basin
Answer: a
Explanation: Western Ghats is rich in endemic species and part of
India’s hotspots.
21–30: Importance of Biodiversity
21.
Ecological
importance of biodiversity includes:
a) Provides timber
b) Maintains food chains
c) Generates income
d) Provides medicine
Answer: b
Explanation: Biodiversity ensures ecological stability and nutrient
cycles.
22.
Economic
importance includes:
a) Pollination
b) Climate regulation
c) Medicinal plants
d) Nutrient cycling
Answer: c
Explanation: Plants provide medicine, timber, and industrial products.
23.
Taxol
is obtained from:
a) Neem
b) Yew tree
c) Aloe vera
d) Eucalyptus
Answer: b
Explanation: Taxol is a cancer drug from yew tree.
24.
Artemisinin
is obtained from:
a) Cinchona
b) Artemisia annua
c) Tulsi
d) Aloe vera
Answer: b
Explanation: Artemisinin is used to treat malaria.
25.
Sacred
groves protect biodiversity because:
a) Promote tourism
b) Preserve native vegetation and endemic species
c) Store seeds
d) Urban parks
Answer: b
Explanation: Cultural beliefs help conserve forests and species.
26.
Biodiversity
contributes to:
a) Cultural and social values
b) Sustainable development
c) Ecotourism
d) All of the above
Answer: d
Explanation: Biodiversity supports multiple human and ecological needs.
27.
Which
crop improvement relies on biodiversity?
a) Rice
b) Wheat
c) Both a and b
d) None
Answer: c
Explanation: Genetic variation allows breeding of better varieties.
28.
Ecosystem
services provided by biodiversity include:
a) Food production
b) Climate regulation
c) Nutrient cycling
d) All of the above
Answer: d
Explanation: Biodiversity underpins essential ecosystem services.
29.
High
biodiversity indicates:
a) Ecosystem instability
b) Ecosystem health and stability
c) Low productivity
d) High pollution
Answer: b
Explanation: Diverse species maintain balance and ecosystem resilience.
30.
Scientific
importance of biodiversity includes:
a) Research and bioprospecting
b) Industrialization
c) Urbanization
d) None
Answer: a
Explanation: Biodiversity provides resources for medicines, enzymes, and
scientific study.
31–40: Threats to Biodiversity
31.
Which
is the primary cause of habitat loss?
a) Deforestation
b) Hunting
c) Pollution
d) Seed banks
Answer: a
Explanation: Habitat destruction through urbanization and agriculture is
major.
32.
Water
hyacinth is an example of:
a) Endemic species
b) Invasive species
c) Threatened species
d) Keystone species
Answer: b
Explanation: Invasive species disrupt ecosystems.
33.
Overexploitation
refers to:
a) Sustainable hunting
b) Excessive hunting or harvesting
c) Habitat protection
d) Ecosystem management
Answer: b
Explanation: Overuse of species beyond sustainable limits leads to
decline.
34.
Pollution
affects biodiversity by:
a) Habitat creation
b) Extinction of species
c) Increasing diversity
d) Stabilizing ecosystems
Answer: b
Explanation: Pollutants like pesticides and chemicals reduce species
populations.
35.
Global
warming threatens biodiversity because:
a) It increases sunlight
b) Changes temperature and rainfall patterns
c) Reduces soil fertility only
d) Encourages biodiversity
Answer: b
Explanation: Climate change alters habitats and species survival.
36.
Fragmentation
of forests leads to:
a) Increased species richness
b) Isolation of populations
c) Creation of wetlands
d) Global warming
Answer: b
Explanation: Fragmentation prevents gene flow and affects population
viability.
37.
Which
human activity is NOT a threat to biodiversity?
a) Urbanization
b) Industrialization
c) National Parks
d) Agriculture expansion
Answer: c
Explanation: National Parks protect biodiversity rather than threatening
it.
38.
Invasive
species are harmful because:
a) They increase ecosystem stability
b) They compete with native species
c) They enhance genetic diversity of natives
d) They reduce pollution
Answer: b
Explanation: Invasive species outcompete native species for resources.
39.
Overfishing
leads to:
a) Habitat loss
b) Reduction in aquatic biodiversity
c) Deforestation
d) Pollution
Answer: b
Explanation: Excessive fishing depletes fish populations and aquatic
species.
40.
Which
activity directly leads to habitat loss?
a) Ecotourism
b) Deforestation
c) Sacred groves
d) Seed banks
Answer: b
Explanation: Deforestation destroys natural habitats for many species.
41–50: In-Situ Conservation
41.
In-situ
conservation refers to:
a) Conservation outside natural habitats
b) Conservation in natural habitats
c) Captive breeding programs
d) Seed banks
Answer: b
Explanation: In-situ conservation protects species in their natural
ecosystems.
42.
Which
of the following is a National Park in India?
a) Lalbagh
b) Jim Corbett
c) Svalbard Seed Vault
d) Periyar Zoo
Answer: b
Explanation: Jim Corbett National Park was India’s first National Park.
43.
Wildlife
sanctuaries differ from National Parks because:
a) Hunting is allowed in sanctuaries
b) Human activity is completely banned in sanctuaries
c) Sanctuaries focus on aquatic species
d) National Parks do not protect animals
Answer: a
Explanation: Hunting or limited human activities may be allowed in
wildlife sanctuaries.
44.
Which
of the following is an example of a biosphere reserve in India?
a) Nilgiri
b) Lalbagh
c) Sunderbans National Park
d) Jim Corbett
Answer: a
Explanation: Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve combines conservation with
sustainable human use.
45.
Sacred
groves contribute to biodiversity conservation because they:
a) Promote tourism
b) Preserve native vegetation due to cultural beliefs
c) Store seeds in banks
d) Are urban recreational areas
Answer: b
Explanation: Local customs prevent cutting trees and hunting, preserving
biodiversity.
46.
Project
Tiger was launched in India in:
a) 1970
b) 1973
c) 1980
d) 1992
Answer: b
Explanation: Aims to protect tiger populations and their habitats.
47.
The
main aim of Project Elephant is:
a) Conserve tiger habitats
b) Protect wild elephants
c) Establish seed banks
d) Promote tourism
Answer: b
Explanation: Project Elephant conserves elephant populations and reduces
human–elephant conflicts.
48.
A
key feature of a biosphere reserve is:
a) Core, buffer, and transition zones
b) Only tourism zones
c) Seed storage areas
d) Urban parks
Answer: a
Explanation: Core zone = strict protection, buffer = limited activity,
transition = sustainable use.
49.
Which
of the following is NOT an in-situ conservation method?
a) National Park
b) Wildlife Sanctuary
c) Botanical Garden
d) Biosphere Reserve
Answer: c
Explanation: Botanical gardens are ex-situ methods.
50.
In-situ
conservation is preferred because:
a) It is cheaper
b) Species survive in natural habitats
c) Captive breeding is easier
d) Artificial environments are more suitable
Answer: b
Explanation: Natural habitats allow evolution, interactions, and natural
behaviors.
51–60: Ex-Situ Conservation
51.
Ex-situ
conservation means:
a) Conservation in natural habitats
b) Conservation outside natural habitats
c) Protecting only endangered species
d) Maintaining only plant species
Answer: b
Explanation: Ex-situ includes zoos, seed banks, tissue culture, and
botanical gardens.
52.
Which
of the following is an ex-situ conservation method?
a) Jim Corbett
b) Lalbagh Botanical Garden
c) Sunderbans Sanctuary
d) Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve
Answer: b
Explanation: Botanical gardens conserve plants outside their natural
habitats.
53.
Seed
banks are used to:
a) Protect animals
b) Store plant genetic material
c) Promote tourism
d) Increase deforestation
Answer: b
Explanation: Seeds are stored for long-term preservation and future crop
improvement.
54.
Which
is a famous seed bank in India?
a) NBPGR, New Delhi
b) Jim Corbett
c) Periyar
d) Sundarbans
Answer: a
Explanation: National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources stores seeds of
crops and wild relatives.
55.
Svalbard
Seed Vault is located in:
a) India
b) Norway
c) USA
d) Brazil
Answer: b
Explanation: Stores seeds from around the world as a genetic backup.
56.
Zoos
contribute to biodiversity conservation by:
a) Protecting species in natural habitats
b) Captive breeding and public awareness
c) Storing seeds
d) Promoting hunting
Answer: b
Explanation: Zoos maintain endangered species and educate the public.
57.
Tissue
culture is used in ex-situ conservation to:
a) Conserve animals
b) Multiply rare plants
c) Protect forests
d) Increase ecosystem diversity
Answer: b
Explanation: Tissue culture allows mass propagation of rare or
endangered plants.
58.
Ex-situ
conservation is useful when:
a) Habitat is stable
b) Species are critically endangered or extinct in the wild
c) Species are abundant
d) In-situ conservation is sufficient
Answer: b
Explanation: Helps protect species that cannot survive in the wild.
59.
Advantage
of ex-situ conservation:
a) Natural evolution is maintained
b) Immediate protection of critically endangered species
c) Cost-effective for all species
d) Ensures ecological balance
Answer: b
Explanation: Captive breeding, seed banks, and botanical gardens prevent
extinction.
60.
Limitation
of ex-situ conservation:
a) Habitat protection
b) Expensive and artificial environment
c) Maintains natural ecosystem interactions
d) Preserves ecological processes
Answer: b
Explanation: Species may lose natural behaviors and ecosystem
connections.
61–70: Endangered Species & Red
Data Book
61.
Which
species is critically endangered in India?
a) House Sparrow
b) Asiatic Lion
c) Crow
d) Domestic Cow
Answer: b
Explanation: Asiatic Lion population is limited to Gir Forest.
62.
One-horned
rhinoceros is found in:
a) Kaziranga
b) Jim Corbett
c) Sunderbans
d) Nilgiri
Answer: a
Explanation: Native to Kaziranga National Park.
63.
Which
of the following is endangered in India?
a) Tiger
b) Crow
c) Domestic Cat
d) Buffalo
Answer: a
Explanation: Tigers are threatened due to habitat loss and poaching.
64.
Dodo
is an example of:
a) Extinct species
b) Endangered species
c) Threatened species
d) Vulnerable species
Answer: a
Explanation: Dodo is globally extinct.
65.
IUCN
stands for:
a) International Union for Conservation of Nature
b) Indian Union for Conservation of Nature
c) International Union for Climate Neutrality
d) Indian Union of National Conservation
Answer: a
Explanation: IUCN maintains the Red List of threatened species.
66.
Red
Data Book lists:
a) All species
b) Endangered and threatened species
c) Only plants
d) Only animals
Answer: b
Explanation: Provides conservation status of species.
67.
Keystone
species in India:
a) Tiger
b) House Sparrow
c) Crow
d) Domestic Cow
Answer: a
Explanation: Tigers maintain ecological balance by controlling
herbivores.
68.
Which
species is not threatened?
a) Bengal Tiger
b) Asiatic Lion
c) Domestic Cat
d) Indian Elephant
Answer: c
Explanation: Domestic cats are widespread and not threatened.
69.
Tiger
reserves in Madhya Pradesh include:
a) Bandhavgarh
b) Sundarbans
c) Periyar
d) Jim Corbett
Answer: a
Explanation: Bandhavgarh is a tiger reserve with high tiger population.
70.
Freshwater
endangered species example:
a) Ganges River Dolphin
b) Bengal Tiger
c) Asiatic Lion
d) Olive Ridley Turtle
Answer: a
Explanation: Found in rivers; critically endangered.
71–80: Conservation Programs &
Community Role
71.
Forest
Conservation Act was enacted in:
a) 1972
b) 1980
c) 1992
d) 2000
Answer: b
Explanation: Regulates deforestation and forest use in India.
72.
Project
Tiger focuses on:
a) Elephant conservation
b) Tiger conservation
c) Rhino conservation
d) Plant biodiversity
Answer: b
Explanation: Launched in 1973 to protect tigers and their habitats.
73.
Project
Elephant focuses on:
a) Tigers
b) Elephants
c) Rhinos
d) Mangroves
Answer: b
Explanation: Aims to protect elephant populations and habitats.
74.
Community
participation in conservation includes:
a) Sacred groves protection
b) Eco-tourism
c) Sustainable agriculture
d) All of the above
Answer: d
Explanation: Communities help conserve biodiversity through sustainable
practices.
75.
Biodiversity
conservation promotes:
a) Urbanization
b) Sustainable development
c) Mining
d) Deforestation
Answer: b
Explanation: Ensures resources for future generations.
76.
Community-based
conservation in India example:
a) Sacred groves
b) Zoos
c) National Parks
d) Botanical Gardens
Answer: a
Explanation: Locals protect groves, preserving endemic species.
77.
IUCN
Red List is published by:
a) WWF
b) UNEP
c) IUCN
d) CITES
Answer: c
Explanation: Provides global conservation status of species.
78.
CITES
regulates:
a) Domestic species trade
b) International trade of endangered species
c) Forest management
d) Seed banks
Answer: b
Explanation: Prevents illegal trade of endangered species
internationally.
79.
Zoos
and botanical gardens promote:
a) Awareness of biodiversity
b) Hunting
c) Deforestation
d) Urban development
Answer: a
Explanation: Educate the public and support conservation efforts.
80.
Community
participation in biodiversity helps:
a) Promote hunting
b) Reduce human interference and encourage sustainable use
c) Increase deforestation
d) Promote urbanization
Answer: b
Explanation: Involvement ensures long-term conservation success.
81.
How
many biodiversity hotspots are there in India?
a) 2
b) 4
c) 10
d) 35
Answer: b
Explanation: India has 4 biodiversity hotspots: Himalaya, Indo-Burma,
Sundalands, and Western Ghats.
82.
Which
is a Himalayan biodiversity hotspot?
a) Nicobar Islands
b) Western Ghats
c) North-east Himalaya
d) Sundarbans
Answer: c
Explanation: North-east Himalaya is rich in endemic flora and fauna.
83.
Western
Ghats hotspot is known for endemic:
a) Birds only
b) Amphibians and plants
c) Mammals only
d) Fish only
Answer: b
Explanation: Home to many endemic amphibians, plants, and mammals.
84.
Indo-Burma
hotspot includes:
a) Andaman & Nicobar Islands
b) Nicobar Islands and North-east India
c) Western Ghats
d) Sundarbans
Answer: b
Explanation: Region has tropical forests and endemic species.
85.
Sundalands
hotspot includes:
a) Western Ghats
b) Nicobar Islands
c) North-east India
d) Himalaya
Answer: b
Explanation: Nicobar Islands are part of Sundalands hotspot.
86.
Endemic
species in India are:
a) Asiatic Lion, Tiger, Olive Ridley
b) House Sparrow, Crow, Rat
c) Dog, Cat, Cow
d) Dodo, Kiwi, Crow
Answer: a
Explanation: These species are found only in specific Indian regions.
87.
Which
tree is endemic to Western Ghats?
a) Teak
b) Strobilanthes kunthiana (Neelakurinji)
c) Sal
d) Banyan
Answer: b
Explanation: Neelakurinji blooms once in 12 years in Western Ghats.
88.
Which
bird is endemic to India?
a) Indian Peafowl
b) House Sparrow
c) Crow
d) Eagle
Answer: a
Explanation: Indian Peafowl is native to India and protected under
Wildlife Act.
89.
Which
reptile is endemic to India?
a) King Cobra
b) Indian Star Tortoise
c) Monitor Lizard
d) Komodo Dragon
Answer: b
Explanation: Indian Star Tortoise is found in dry regions of India.
90.
Which
amphibian is endemic to Western Ghats?
a) Purple Frog (Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis)
b) Bullfrog
c) Common Toad
d) Tree Frog
Answer: a
Explanation: Purple Frog lives underground and is endemic to Western
Ghats.
91–100: Conservation Strategies
& Quick Recall
91.
Project
Tiger was launched in:
a) 1965
b) 1973
c) 1985
d) 1990
Answer: b
Explanation: Launched to protect tigers and tiger habitats.
92.
Project
Elephant was launched in:
a) 1973
b) 1992
c) 1985
d) 2000
Answer: b
Explanation: Conserves elephant populations and migratory corridors.
93.
Which
is the first national park of India?
a) Sundarbans
b) Jim Corbett
c) Kaziranga
d) Periyar
Answer: b
Explanation: Jim Corbett National Park, 1936, focused on tiger
conservation.
94.
Biosphere
reserves are recognized by:
a) IUCN only
b) UNESCO under MAB program
c) CITES
d) WWF
Answer: b
Explanation: UNESCO’s Man and Biosphere (MAB) program promotes
sustainable development and conservation.
95.
Red
Data Book is maintained by:
a) WWF
b) IUCN
c) UNEP
d) CITES
Answer: b
Explanation: Lists threatened species globally and nationally.
96.
Which
is NOT an ex-situ method?
a) Botanical Garden
b) Seed Bank
c) National Park
d) Zoo
Answer: c
Explanation: National Parks are in-situ conservation.
97.
Sacred
groves in India help conserve:
a) Only trees
b) Only animals
c) Both endemic plants and animals
d) Only soil
Answer: c
Explanation: Cultural practices protect entire ecosystem.
98.
CITES
ensures:
a) Sustainable agriculture
b) No illegal international trade of endangered species
c) Habitat protection
d) Seed conservation
Answer: b
Explanation: Prevents exploitation of threatened species via international
trade.
99.
Tissue
culture and cryopreservation are used for:
a) Animal breeding
b) Plant conservation ex-situ
c) Habitat restoration
d) National Park management
Answer: b
Explanation: Allows propagation and long-term storage of rare plant
species.
100.
Community
participation in conservation ensures:
a) Hunting rights
b) Sustainable use of natural resources
c) Deforestation
d) Urbanization
Answer: b
Explanation: Local communities maintain and protect biodiversity for
long-term conservation.
